<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rsas-2013-final-report-version-2.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Seasonal Agriculture Survey Report 2013]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Seasonal Agriculture Survey Report 2013]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dc:publisher><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics Of Rwanda]]></dc:publisher><dc:contributor><![CDATA[The 2013 RSAS was implemented by the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR) in partnership with the Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources (MINAGRI), National Agriculture Export Board (NAEB), Rwanda Agricultural Board (RAB), Ministry of]]></dc:contributor><dcterms:created>2015-06-29</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Report [doc/rep]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This is an improved version of the Seasonal Agriculture Survey  report based on experience gained in 2014 Seasonal Agriculture Survey.]]></dc:description><dcterms:tableOfContents><![CDATA[FOREWORD ............................................................................................................................................................ iii 
ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................................................................ xv 
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................. xvii 
Chapter 1: Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 1 
1.1 Need for Agricultural Statistics ............................................................................................................ 1 
1.2 Objectives of the survey .......................................................................................................................... 1 
1.3 Time frame ................................................................................................................................................... 1 
1.4 Agricultural Seasons in Rwanda .......................................................................................................... 1 
1.5 Institutions Involved ................................................................................................................................ 2 
Chapter 2: Methodology of the Survey .................................................................................................... 3 
2.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 3 
2.1 Coverage of the Survey ............................................................................................................................ 3 
2.2 Multiple Frame Survey Design ............................................................................................................. 3 
2.3 Area Frame and List Frame Construction ........................................................................................ 3 
2.3.1 Area Frame Construction.................................................................................................................... 3 
2.3.2 List Frame Construction...................................................................................................................... 6 
Chapter 3: Sampling and Data Collection Methodology ................................................................. 7 
3.1 Sampling ....................................................................................................................................................... 7 
3.1.1 Sampling Design and Selection of Segments in Seasons A and B ........................................ 7 
3.1.2 Distribution of Sampled Primary Sampling Units ..................................................................... 7 
3.1.3 Sampling of Secondary Sampling Units ......................................................................................... 8 
3.1.4 Sampling of Segments in Seasons C ................................................................................................ 8 
3.1.5 Selection of Respondents in Phase I of Seasons A and B ........................................................ 9 
3.1.6 Selection of Respondents in Phase II of Seasons A and B ................................................... 10 
3.1.7 Selection of Respondents in Season C ......................................................................................... 10 
3.1.8 Estimation Methodology .................................................................................................................. 11 
3.2 Data Collection and Processing ......................................................................................................... 12 
3.2.1 Contents of Data Collection Tools ................................................................................................ 12 
3.2.2 Data Collection and Supervision ................................................................................................... 14 
3.3 Data Processing and Analysis ............................................................................................................ 16 
Chapter 4: 2013 Season A Survey Results .......................................................................................... 17 
4.1 Demographic and Social Characteristics of Agricultural Operators ................................... 17 
4.1.1 Number of Agricultural Operators by type ............................................................................... 17 
4.1.2 Number of Agricultural Operators by Gender ......................................................................... 19 
4.1.3 Age distribution of Agricultural Operators ............................................................................... 20 
4.1.4 Education Level of Agricultural Operators ............................................................................... 21 
4.1.5 Agricultural Operators Activities.................................................................................................. 23 
4.1.6 Residency of Agricultural Operators in Segments ................................................................. 23 
4.2 Date of Sowing, Production Expectation Date and Expected Date of Harvest ................ 24 
4.3 Farm Characteristics (Area, Yield and Production) .................................................................. 27 
4.3.1 Crop Areas ............................................................................................................................................. 27 
4.3.2 Crop Yields ............................................................................................................................................ 31 
4.3.3 Crop Production .................................................................................................................................. 32 
4.4 Agricultural Practices ........................................................................................................................... 34 
4.4.1 Pure and Mixed Cropping ................................................................................................................ 34 
4.4.2 Use of Organic Fertilizer .................................................................................................................. 36 
4.4.3 Use of Inorganic Fertilizer by Agricultural Operators and Large Scale Farmers ....... 37 
4.4.4 Use of Seeds .......................................................................................................................................... 39 
4.4.5 Irrigation Practice ............................................................................................................................... 41 
4.4.7 Use Pesticides ....................................................................................................................................... 44 
4.5 Small Agricultural Equipment ........................................................................................................... 46 
4.6 Use of Crop Production by Agricultural Operators and by Large Scale Farmers .......... 47 
Chapter 5: 2013 Season B Survey Results .......................................................................................... 51 
5.1 Demographic and Social Characteristics of Agricultural Operators ................................... 51 
5.1.1 Number of Agricultural Operators by Type.............................................................................. 51 
5.1.2 Number of Agricultural Operators by Gender ......................................................................... 53 
5.1.3 Age distribution of Agricultural Operators ............................................................................... 54 
5.1.6 Residency of Agricultural Operators in Segments ................................................................. 57 
5.2 Farm Characteristics (Area, Yield and Production) .................................................................. 61 
5.2.1 Crop Areas ............................................................................................................................................. 61 
5.2.4 Crop Production .................................................................................................................................. 66 
5.3 Agricultural Practices ........................................................................................................................... 67 
5.3.1 Pure and Mixed cropping ................................................................................................................. 67 
5.3.2 Use of Organic Fertilizers ................................................................................................................ 69 
5.3.3 Use of Inorganic Fertilizers ............................................................................................................. 70 
5.3.4 Use of seeds ........................................................................................................................................... 72 
5.3.5 Irrigation Practice ............................................................................................................................... 74 
5.3.6 Anti-erosion Activities ...................................................................................................................... 76 
5.3.7 Use of Pesticides .................................................................................................................................. 77 
5.4 Small Agricultural Equipment ........................................................................................................... 78 
Chapter 6: 2013 Season C Survey Results ........................................................................................... 83 
6.1 Demographic and Social Characteristics of Agricultural Operators ................................... 83 
6.1.1 Number of Agricultural Operators by Type.............................................................................. 83
6.1.2 Number of Agricultural Operators by Gender ......................................................................... 84 
6.1.3 Age distribution of Agricultural Operators ............................................................................... 85 
6.1.4 Education Level of Agricultural Operators ............................................................................... 86 
6.2 Date of Sowing, Production Expectation Date and Harvest ................................................... 88 
6.2.1 Expectation of Crop Production by 31st August 2013 .......................................................... 89 
6.3 Farm Characteristics (Area, Yield and Production) .................................................................. 90 
6.3.1 Crop Areas ............................................................................................................................................. 90 
6.3.2 Crop Yields ............................................................................................................................................ 92 
6.3.2 Crop Production .................................................................................................................................. 92 
6.4 Agricultural Practices ........................................................................................................................... 93 
6.4.1 Pure and Mixed Cropping ................................................................................................................ 93 
6.4.2 Use of Organic Fertilizers ................................................................................................................ 95 
6.4.3 Use of Inorganic Fertilizers ............................................................................................................. 95 
6.4.4 Use of Seeds .......................................................................................................................................... 97 
6.4.5 Irrigation Practice ............................................................................................................................... 99 
6.4.6 Anti-erosion activities ..................................................................................................................... 100 
6.4.8 Small Agricultural Equipments ................................................................................................... 101 
6.4.8 Use of Production in Segment (%) ............................................................................................. 103 
Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................................... 104]]></dcterms:tableOfContents></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="q-rsas-2013-screening-season-C- English.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Screening Questionnaire Season C]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Screening Questionnaire Season C]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dc:publisher><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2013-01-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Questionnaire [doc/qst]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This is Screening Questionnaire Season C for Rwanda Seasonal Agriculture Survey 2013]]></dc:description></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="q-rsas-2013-season-A-phase-1- English.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Questionnaire: Season A, Phase I]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Questionnaire: Season A, Phase I]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dc:publisher><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2013-01-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Questionnaire [doc/qst]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This is the questionnaire for season A phase I of Rwanda Seasonal Agriculture Survey 2013.]]></dc:description></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="q-rsas-2013-season-A-phase-2- English.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Questionnaire: Season A, Phase II]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Questionnaire: Season A, Phase II]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2013-01-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Questionnaire [doc/qst]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This is the questionnaire Season A, Phase II for the survey]]></dc:description></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="q-rsas-2013-season-B-phase-1- English.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Questionnaire: Season B, Phase I]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Questionnaire: Season B, Phase I]]></dc:title><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2013-01-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Questionnaire [doc/qst]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This is the questionnaire  for Season B, Phase I of the survey]]></dc:description></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="q-rsas-2013-season-B-phase-2- English.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Questionnaire: Season B, Phase II]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Questionnaire: Season B, Phase II]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2013-01-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Questionnaire [doc/qst]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This is the questionnaire Season B, Phase II for the survey]]></dc:description></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="q-rsas-2013-season-C- English.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Questionnaire: Season C]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Questionnaire: Season C]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[National institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2013-01-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Questionnaire [doc/qst]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This is the questionnaire for Season C of the survey]]></dc:description></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rsas-2013-data-stata.zip"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Microdara for Rwanda Seasonal Agriculture Survey 2013 (STATA)]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Microdara for Rwanda Seasonal Agriculture Survey 2013 (STATA)]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[Access to Finance Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dc:publisher><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2015-6-29</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Data, Stata [application/x-stata]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Microdata File [dat/micro]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This is 100% data file in STATA format, edited for  public use. 
To better understand the content of the dataset, users might need to understand the following concepts of the survey:

The farmer (holder or operator) is a civil or juridical person who makes major decisions regarding resource use and exercises management control over the farm.  The farmer decides which crops to plant; when to plant; when to harvest, when to sell livestock, where to sell it and how many to sell etc. The farmer has technical and economic responsibility for the holding and may undertake all responsibilities directly, or delegate responsibilities related to day-to-day work management to a hired manager.

Segment :( Secondary Sampling Unit) is a piece of land with boundaries delineated on a map. In area sampling, the total area for the population to be sampled is divided into segments. In addition to meaning a piece of land, "segment" is used in sampling terminology instead of ''area sampling unit ".”Segment," meaning area sampling unit, refers to the aggregate of the reporting units that compose an area sampling unit. Whether "segment" refers to a piece, of land delineated on a map or to an area sampling unit (group of reporting units) should be clear from the context.

A tract   is the total land operated by one operator in the segment. It can be composed of one or more fields or plots adjacent to each other or located in different places across the segment. Information on cropping is asked to any operator who has a tract inside the segment either or not resident in the segment. 

A  Plot / Field is a continuous piece of land on which a unique crop or a mixture of crops is grown, under a uniform, consistent crop management system.  It MUST be a continuous piece of land and MUST NOT be split by a path of more than one meter in width. Plot boundaries are defined according to the crops grown, natural boundaries and the operator.

Tract number:  record every tract sequentially with a three digits number starting from 001. Automatically, the tract A should have as Tract Number 001, tract B, =002, tract C=003, tract Z=026, tract AA=027 etc.
 ]]></dc:description></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rsas-2013-data-spss.zip"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Microdata for Rwanda seasonal Agriculture Survey 2013 (SPSS)]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Microdata for Rwanda seasonal Agriculture Survey 2013 (SPSS)]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dcterms:created>2015-6-29</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Data, SPSS [application/x-spss]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Microdata File [dat/micro]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This is 100% public use data file in SPSS format.
To better understand the content of the dataset, suers might need to understandthe following concepts:
 
The farmer (holder or operator) is a civil or juridical person who makes major decisions regarding resource use and exercises management control over the farm.  The farmer decides which crops to plant; when to plant; when to harvest, when to sell livestock, where to sell it and how many to sell etc. The farmer has technical and economic responsibility for the holding and may undertake all responsibilities directly, or delegate responsibilities related to day-to-day work management to a hired manager.

Segment :( Secondary Sampling Unit) is a piece of land with boundaries delineated on a map. In area sampling, the total area for the population to be sampled is divided into segments. In addition to meaning a piece of land, "segment" is used in sampling terminology instead of ''area sampling unit ".”Segment," meaning area sampling unit, refers to the aggregate of the reporting units that compose an area sampling unit. Whether "segment" refers to a piece, of land delineated on a map or to an area sampling unit (group of reporting units) should be clear from the context.

A tract   is the total land operated by one operator in the segment. It can be composed of one or more fields or plots adjacent to each other or located in different places across the segment. Information on cropping is asked to any operator who has a tract inside the segment either or not resident in the segment. 

A  Plot / Field is a continuous piece of land on which a unique crop or a mixture of crops is grown, under a uniform, consistent crop management system.  It MUST be a continuous piece of land and MUST NOT be split by a path of more than one meter in width. Plot boundaries are defined according to the crops grown, natural boundaries and the operator.

Tract number:  record every tract sequentially with a three digits number starting from 001. Automatically, the tract A should have as Tract Number 001, tract B, =002, tract C=003, tract Z=026, tract AA=027 etc.
]]></dc:description></rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>